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PROJECTILES

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THE CONCEPTS OF PROJECTILES Let us consider a boy who releases a piece of stone from his catapult against a bird on a tree branch, the stone will travel in parabolic path towards the bird. Likewise if we throw a tennis ball against a wall, the path of the ball towards the wall is a parabola. On hitting the wall, the ball returns to the ground also along a parabolic path. The same type of curve is seen when a ball is projected horizontally from the top of a building. The stone or ball been projected is known as PROJECTILE . EXAMPLES OF PROJECTILE MOTION (i)                  A thrown rubber ball re – bouncing from a wall. (ii)                An athlete doing the high jump. (iii)              A stone released from a catapult. (iv)              A bullet fired from a gun. MOTION OF A PROJECTILE Let us consider the simple case of a stone thrown horizontally with an initial velocity of u from the top of a high wall of height h. The stone is subject to two independent motions;
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EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCE

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EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCES An object is in equilibrium when it is not accelerated, that is there is no force acting on it in any direction. For a body in equilibrium, the forces acting on it are so related in magnitude and direction that no acceleration results. A body is said to be in equilibrium when the body as a whole either remains at rest or moves in a straight line with constant speed and the body is either not rotating at all or is rotating at a constant angular velocity. FORMS OF EQUILIBRIUM      (a) Static equilibrium: This is when a body is at rest or moving with constant velocity. (b) Dynamic or Kinetic equilibrium: This is when a body is moving with a constant velocity in a straight line or rotating with a constant angular velocity about a fixed axis through its centre of mass. This means that the forces that set the body in motion balance the forces that resist the motion. RESULTANT AND EQUILIBRANT FORCES A body acted upon by two or more forces is said to be in
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EQUILIBRIUM OF BODIES IN LIQUID

EQUILIBRIUM OF BODIES IN LIQUID When a heavy object is immersed in a liquid the object appears to become lighter. Consider the experience when a bucket of water is being drawn out of a well. While still under the water the bucket appears very light and becomes very heavy as soon as it is out of water. Archimedes explains this showing that when the bucket still in water, the body is acted upon by an upward force U called upthrust. While still under water, the equilibrium of the bucket is as : T = W – U. Where T =  tension in the rope.            W = weight.             U = upthrust.      U = W – T. It is also known as loss in weight. ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE It states that when an object is wholly or partially immersed in a fluid, it experiences a loss in weight or an upthrust which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. FLOATING If a body is denser than the liquid, it will completely sink in it, but if the density of the body is less than that
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